ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Vaccines are promising tools to control the spread of COVID-19. An effective vaccination campaign requires government policies and community engagement, sharing experiences for social support, and voicing concerns about vaccine safety and efficiency. The increasing use of online social platforms allows us to trace large-scale communication and infer public opinion in real-time. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to identify the main themes in COVID-19 vaccine-related discussion on Twitter in Japan and track how the popularity of the tweeted themes evolved during the vaccination campaign. Furthermore, we aim to understand the impact of critical social events on the popularity of the themes. METHODS: We collected more than 100 million vaccine-related tweets written in Japanese and posted by 8 million users (approx. 6.4% of the Japanese population) from January 1 to October 31, 2021. We used the Latent Dirichlet Allocation to perform automated topic modeling of tweet texts during the vaccination campaign. In addition, we performed an interrupted time series regression to evaluate the impact of four critical social events on public opinion. RESULTS: We identified 15 topics grouped into 4 themes: Personal issue, Breaking news, Politics, and Conspiracy and humour. The evolution of the popularity of themes revealed a shift in public opinion, initially sharing the attention over personal issues (individual aspect), collecting information from the news (knowledge acquisition), and government criticisms towards focusing on personal issues. Our analysis showed that the Tokyo Olympic Games affected public opinion more than other critical events but not the course of the vaccination. Public opinion about politics was significantly affected by various social events, positively shifting the attention in the early stages of the vaccination campaign and negatively later. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed a striking shift in public interest in Japan, with users splitting their attention to various themes early in the vaccination campaign and then focusing only on personal issues, as trust in vaccines and policies built up. An interrupted time series regression analysis showed that the vaccination rollout to the general population (under 65) increased the popularity of tweets about practical advice and personal vaccination experience and the Tokyo Olympic Games disrupted public opinions but not the course of the vaccination campaign. The methodology developed here allowed us to monitor the evolution of public opinion and evaluate the impact of social events on the public opinion from large-scale Twitter data.
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: On the 11th March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the novel coronavirus outbreak as a pandemic. Preventive measures such as the appropriate use of personal protective equipment and proper hand hygiene are essential in decreasing transmissibility. Healthcare workers have been required to wear personal protective equipment and to wash their hands even more frequently. These preventive measures are associated with an increased risk of skin conditions, namely, contact dermatitis and exacerbation of pre-existing skin lesions such as acne and seborrheic dermatitis. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the main skin lesions, and highlighting the role in occupational dermatology and preventive measures. METHODS: A search was conducted on PubMed and some guidelines from organizations like World Health Organization and Portuguese General Directorate of Health were included. RESULTS: Most skin conditions seen in healthcare professionals throughout the pandemic were associated with hand hygiene and the use of personal protective equipment and comprised hand eczema, mask-induced contact dermatitis, personal protective equipment related irritant contact dermatitis, cheilitis and exacerbation of pre-existing conditions such as acne and seborrheic dermatitis. Prevention and early recognition of dermatitis associated with personal protective equipment and hand hygiene are essential to maximize work performance, healthcare workers' safety and the adherence to preventive measures. CONCLUSION: Protection of healthcare workers' health and safety is an essential measure in the fight against the pandemic. Occupational Health has a fundamental role, acting in terms of disease prevention and health promotion, for example, through educational sessions and orientation of skin conditions associated with work, thus maximizing workers' well-being.
Introdução: A 11 de março de 2020, a Organização Mundial da Saúde declarou a doença provocada pelo novo coronavírus uma pandemia. As medidas de prevenção, nomeadamente, o uso apropriado de equipamento de proteção individual e a higienização das mãos, são essenciais na diminuição da transmissibilidade. Os profissionais de saúde têm particular indicação para o seu uso e para o aumento da frequência e duração da lavagem e desinfeção das mãos. Estas medidas estão associadas a um maior risco de desenvolvimento de patologias cutâneas como a dermatite de contacto e a exacerbação de lesões cutâneas pré-existentes, tais como a acne e a dermatite seborreica. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar uma descrição das principais lesões cutâneas, e salientar o papel da dermatologia ocupacional e medidas preventivas.Métodos: Foi realizada uma pesquisa na PubMed e incluídas orientações de organizações como a Direção-Geral da Saúde e a Organização Mundial da Saúde.Resultados: As principais patologias cutâneas observadas nos profissionais de saúde ao longo da pandemia associam-se à higienização das mãos e à utilização de equipamentos de proteção individual, consistindo, sucintamente, em eczema das mãos, dermatite de contacto induzida por máscaras, dermatite de contacto irritativa por traumatismo do equipamento de proteção individual, queilite e exacerbação de condições pré-existentes como acne e dermatite seborreica. A prevenção e o reconhecimento atempado das dermatites associadas ao uso de equipamento de proteção individual e ao reforço da higiene das mãos são fundamentais para otimizar o desempenho laboral e a segurança dos profissionais de saúde e maximizar a adesão às medidas preventivas.Conclusão: A proteção da saúde e da segurança dos profissionais de saúde constitui uma medida essencial no combate da pandemia, pelo que a Medicina do Trabalho assume um papel fundamental, atuando a nível da prevenção da doença e promoção da saúde, por exemplo, através da realização de sessões de educação e orientação das várias patologias cutâneas associadas ao trabalho, maximizando o bem-estar do trabalhador.